What is Insomnia and What are It’s Main Causes?

What is insomnia?

Insomnia is the inability to get high-quality sleep. It can last a day or two, a month, or even months on end. Because different individuals need different amounts of sleep, insomnia is not defined by the number of hours you sleep or by how quickly you fall asleep. Instead, it depends on the quality of your sleep, and how you feel after sleeping. Even if you are sleeping eight hours a night, if you’re still feeling drowsy and fatigued during the day, you may be experiencing insomnia.

Insomnia may be classified by how long the symptoms are present.

Transient insomnia usually is due to situational changes such as travel, extreme climate changes, and stressful events.

Short-term insomnia usually is due to ongoing stressful events, medication side effects, medical conditions, and lasts for one to three weeks

Chronic insomnia (long-term insomnia) often results from depression or substance abuse and continues for more than three weeks.

Insomnia affects all age groups. Among older adults, insomnia affects women more often than men. The incidence increases with age.

Insomnia is also a problem that is prevalent among people with HIV/AIDS.

What are the main causes of insomnia?

psychological health problems such as stress or anxiety

physical health problems such as asthma or pain

medicines like those taken for asthma, vertigo and depression

jet lag (for more information see Related topics)

A number of other diseases and conditions can cause secondary insomnia

environmental factors such as noise, an uncomfortable bed or being too hot or cold

lifestyle habits, eg eating late at night, drinking alcohol or using stimulants such as nicotine

Exposure to stress may contribute to the development or worsening of insomnia. Relationship problems, a chronically ill child, or an unrewarding career may contribute to sleep problems. If you suffer from these types of stresses, you should seek counseling to gain a new outlook on your troubles and more control in your life.

People who work alternating shifts may develop insomnia because of a continually fluctuating sleep-wake schedule. For example, if a person works five nights a week and then works a day schedule for the next days, insomnia may result from changes in circadian rhythm.

Caffeine most commonly disrupts sleep. While a drink or two before bed may help a person relax, more than that can lead to fragmented sleep and wakefulness a few hours later.

The levels of melatonin, the hormone that helps control sleep, decrease as a person ages. By age 60, the body produces very little melatonin.

Long-term use of sleep medications. If you need sleep medications for longer than several weeks, talk with your doctor, preferably one who specializes in sleep medicine.

Stimulants. Prescription drugs, including some antidepressants, high blood pressure and corticosteroid medications, can interfere with sleep.

Heavy, spicy, or high-sugar foods eaten at night can cause indigestion strong enough to wake you.

Depression and sleep problems are closely linked: insomnia can be an early sign of depression.